WINE

Wine can be classified into red or white wine, sparkling wine, or other types depending on the ingredients and vinification methods, and the styles of these gluggable drinks are largely divided into New World or Old World, which includes France—the global leader of wine production as of 2023. Like beer and whiskey, wine has propped up humans during significant historical moments and formed an inextricable tie to food. But while its role has waxed in gastronomy, it has also achieved great renown for inspiring creativity in literature, music, and art. With more varieties than any other food product—and more than 10,000 types produced each year—wine is often appraised by a complex set of geographical factors, harvest year, and winery origin stories. Today, in response to the intensifying climate crisis, independent wineries are disrupting tradition with bold efforts to farm organically and engineer new grape varieties.